Along with the increasing of our age, our eyesight will be decreased as well. It is a law of nature which will inevitably come towards anybody in this world regardless of their social status meaning that people from whatever class will definitely suffer for the lack of vision gradually. This is why eyeglasses are being invented, to help people cope with such loss successfully.
Talking about combining function with style, Zennioptical.Com is the right place to start. This website is able to serve you the high quality of eyeglasses yet with the more affordable prices. So, instead of spending money for something aimless, you can rely on this website to support your needs directly. For example of its easiness, this website gives you opportunity to order the $8 Prescription Zenni Glasses.
There is some good stuff offered to you inside the section of New Arrivals in the website so that you can always update your style and increase your appearance into higher fashionable level of style. Also, to accompany your vacation, there has been prepared by this website for you the Holiday Fun Eyeglasses that will definitely increase your happiness during the holiday as well. So what makes you await still?
Friday, November 6, 2009
Sunday, July 5, 2009
You got to sell it
It’s important for both parties to know that when goods are sold, what are the price of the item and the timing of the payment. It’s also good to know what are the stipulations if any that apply to the return of merchandise. Different companies quote their prices by using different methods. A lot of merchants will generally quote the price that they will like to sell it. On the other hand, some merchants such as manufacturers or wholesalers will usually quote their prices as a percentage of their catalogue prices, generally around 30 percent or more, and this reduction I known as a trade discount. For example, if something is listed as $1,500 with a trade discount of 30 percent or $450 then the seller writes the sell as $1050, and the buyer records it as $1050. From there the seller can raise or lower the price depending on the quantity that is being sold. The terms of sales are usually on the sale invoice and tell the type of terms to the agreement. In a lot of industries the payment is expected within a short time of the purchase. If it’s for 15 days then the invoice will have “n/15” (net 15) or “n/20” (net 20) which means that the amount is due 15 or 20 days later. In most industries a discount is usually offered for an early payment. This type of discount is called a sale discount which has the purposes for increasing a seller liquidly by reducing the amount of money associated with accounts receivable. An invoice with a discount may look like “3/10, n/20,” which that the purchaser can pay within 20 days and receive a 30 percent discount, or they can pay within twenty days and pay the full price for it. If you have noticed, the amount of discounts have been decreasing because one, its quite expensive to the seller, and two, to the customer it appears that they are not receiving a bargain even though they may. In some industries it is expected for the seller to pay for some charges, and others it may not. One example is in the freight industry. FOB shipping point basically means that the buyer is paying for all of the shipping expenses. So if you purchase something heavy and the sales agreement says FOB then that means that you are responsible for the shipping charges. However, FOB destination is the opposite and means that the seller pays the shipping or transportation expenses once it is delivered. A lot of retailers will give buyers the opportunity to charge the shipping expenses to dome type of third part service. The five most used credit cards are:
American Express
Visa
Discovery Card
Diners Club
MasterCard
The customer is given credit by the lender or credit card issuer, and receives a shiny plastic card to charge their purchases to. Once the seller accepts the card, the invoice is automatically prepared and the seller receives money into their account. If the seller is offering a discount, the discount is recorded as an expense to the seller. Let’s not forget that the seller’s merchant also deducts money for each transaction, and that money that is deducted is also recorded as an expense. Let’s not forget that you also have something that is known as freight in, also called transportation in. this is the shipping costs that are associated with receiving particular merchandise, and is generally included with the cost of goods sold. A lot of companies like to include the cost of freight in with the cost of the merchandise, because it is a relatively small amount of money. Sometimes the buyer is expected to pay the freight in and it is reported as an increase in the accounts payable. Also, if the seller experienced a return because of the wrong item shipped, or for a damaged/low quality product, then the buyer may be granted a refund for cash or for credit back to their account. The returned purchased is deleted from the merchandise inventory account under the perpetual system. Sometimes sellers will pay the delivery or the freight out costs hoping that it will increase their sales. These expenses are gathered in the freight out expense, or commonly known as delivery expense. This is viewed as a selling expense on the income statement. When a customer is dissatisfied with a product, they will usually return it and these costs are gathered in the sales returns and allowances account which gives the management a more flexible estimate of what products to keep and which ones to discard of. This account deducts sales from the income statement. A merchandising company can have inaccurate records as well as experiencing a huge loss profits if they don’t have reliable accounting records. The management is the one I charge for making the system for internal control. Internal control is the policies that a management puts to action to make sure that the financial information is reliable. This is the process that the management takes to protect their assets. It also confirms that the employees have conformed to legal requirements so that they will do the best job possibly for the company. Since the managers are the ones in charged of the structure of a business they must report their goals and progress to the “Report Management” of a company’s annual report to stockholders. To be successful with internal control, management uses five parts of internal control. They are: Control environment, risk assessment, information and communication, control activities, and monitoring. Control environment deals with the overall attitude, and actions of a management system. It also includes the management ethics, integrity, and philosophy. The employees must also be properly trained and very knowledgeable in the field their participating in. The risk assessment is the analysis of the risk of an environment and how to monitor them. These include screening out thieves in a retail store, or employees that are likely to steal from a company. Next, information and communication correlates to the accounting system by establishing management, and reporting a company’s transactions. Control activities are the restraints that management puts in place to make sure that instructions are properly carried out. Last, monitoring involves the periodic assessment to make sure that all policies are enforced.
American Express
Visa
Discovery Card
Diners Club
MasterCard
The customer is given credit by the lender or credit card issuer, and receives a shiny plastic card to charge their purchases to. Once the seller accepts the card, the invoice is automatically prepared and the seller receives money into their account. If the seller is offering a discount, the discount is recorded as an expense to the seller. Let’s not forget that the seller’s merchant also deducts money for each transaction, and that money that is deducted is also recorded as an expense. Let’s not forget that you also have something that is known as freight in, also called transportation in. this is the shipping costs that are associated with receiving particular merchandise, and is generally included with the cost of goods sold. A lot of companies like to include the cost of freight in with the cost of the merchandise, because it is a relatively small amount of money. Sometimes the buyer is expected to pay the freight in and it is reported as an increase in the accounts payable. Also, if the seller experienced a return because of the wrong item shipped, or for a damaged/low quality product, then the buyer may be granted a refund for cash or for credit back to their account. The returned purchased is deleted from the merchandise inventory account under the perpetual system. Sometimes sellers will pay the delivery or the freight out costs hoping that it will increase their sales. These expenses are gathered in the freight out expense, or commonly known as delivery expense. This is viewed as a selling expense on the income statement. When a customer is dissatisfied with a product, they will usually return it and these costs are gathered in the sales returns and allowances account which gives the management a more flexible estimate of what products to keep and which ones to discard of. This account deducts sales from the income statement. A merchandising company can have inaccurate records as well as experiencing a huge loss profits if they don’t have reliable accounting records. The management is the one I charge for making the system for internal control. Internal control is the policies that a management puts to action to make sure that the financial information is reliable. This is the process that the management takes to protect their assets. It also confirms that the employees have conformed to legal requirements so that they will do the best job possibly for the company. Since the managers are the ones in charged of the structure of a business they must report their goals and progress to the “Report Management” of a company’s annual report to stockholders. To be successful with internal control, management uses five parts of internal control. They are: Control environment, risk assessment, information and communication, control activities, and monitoring. Control environment deals with the overall attitude, and actions of a management system. It also includes the management ethics, integrity, and philosophy. The employees must also be properly trained and very knowledgeable in the field their participating in. The risk assessment is the analysis of the risk of an environment and how to monitor them. These include screening out thieves in a retail store, or employees that are likely to steal from a company. Next, information and communication correlates to the accounting system by establishing management, and reporting a company’s transactions. Control activities are the restraints that management puts in place to make sure that instructions are properly carried out. Last, monitoring involves the periodic assessment to make sure that all policies are enforced.
Walgreens Co. is Sick
Walgreen Co. www.walgreen.com is a nationwide store chain and has over 3,000 stores and pharmacies and is a retail store phenomenon and has over 27 years of record crumbling sales. Wow what’s the secret Walgreen? Why are you so successful? Well, customers like their high class customer service, their huge selection, and quality products. Some investment and other companies with a financial interest in Walgreen look at the past success of the company and evaluate its financial management. The companies that are interested will be seen in the Financial Highlights from the company’s annual report. Net sales, total assets, net earnings, and stock holder’s equity are all terms that are used to measure the financial stake of the company. It’s nice that you see the large increase in Wal Green over the years, but what exactly does that mean? What financial knowledge is required of those who manage Wal Green and what methods do they use to measure Wal Green to other large companies? Wal green’s managers most be very skilled in accounting to help maintain the financial stake of the company. However, Walgreen’ managers are not the only ones that need to be skilled in accounting. The people who have some type of financial stake in the business such as owners, investors, attorneys, employees, and creditors must also be skilled in accounting so they can analyze the financial achievement of the company. Anyone who is interested in any one of theses roles will require some knowledge in accounting knowledge and processes. That’s what the purpose of accounting is. Contemporary accountants focus on the needs of decisions in accounting information, whether these decisions are internal or external to the business. Accounting can be defined as a systematic information system that measures, process, and produce financial information about an economic matter such as a business or a government organization. Accounting serves as a connection between business activities because it records information. First, accounting analyzes business activity by recording data for them that they can use in the future. Second, the data is not used until it is needed and retrieved when the time is appropriate. Last, the information is analyzed and communicated through reports to the decision makers. One might assume that the data about business activities are the input and the information for decision makers are the output. A business is an economic entity that sells goods or services to customers at prices that will provide a return to the owners. Here is a list of well branded business that sell goods:
General Mills Inc. www.generalmills.com sells food products.
Sony Corp. www.sony.com sells a variety of consumer electronics.
Hilton Hotels Corp. www.hilton.com sells resorts and hotels services.
EBay Inc. www.ebay.com offers an online bidding service.
Despite their differences in the products they sell they actually have a lot in common. Each business must have enough money for the cost of doing business but still have adequate money left over. If the cost of business costs more than operating the business, than that’s when a business will start to crumble. The need to earn money to hold an investment capital is known as profitability. However, a business must meet the goal of liquidity. Liquidity refers to having the money available to pay off debts when they are due. For example, a real estate company must meet the goal of profitability by leasing as many houses as they can, but they also must meet the criteria of liquidity when customers don’t come up with the capital to pay sometimes. Both of these goals must be aced by a company to be successful in their ventures. All businesses try to pursue their goals by engaging in these similar activities. First, businesses much start some financial activities in order to get enough funds or capital so they can continue their operating. Financial activities include receiving capital from creditors such as banks and other suppliers. On the other hand they also include paying creditors back. Second, each business must participate in what is known as investing activities. This refers to the productive spending of capital so that it will help a business attain their goals in an orderly manner. Some examples of investing activities include purchasing land, equipment that the business may need, and buying buildings. These resources are then sold or discarded of when they are no longer needed. Third, another essential of every business is participating in operating activities. Besides selling goods and services to customers, operating activities include hiring managers, workers, and purchasing goods and services, and paying back taxes to the government. An extremely crucial function of accounting is to provide performance measures. This refers to the measures of a business that indicates whether managers are achieving or losing their business goals, which helps to determine if a particular business is under good management. It is crucial for the performance to measure up with the goals of a business. For a quick example, earned income is a measurement of profitability, and cash flow is the measurement of liquidity, pretty simple right? Since most managers are evaluated by whether certain aimed goals are accomplished, they must have a very sound understanding of accounting. Since managers will try to achieve these goals they must be motivated so that they can perform in the best interest of a business. The typical accounting role of helping decision makers by processing, and communicating information effectively is furthermore divided into the subcategories of financial accounting and management accounting. Financial accounting is used for generating reports and communicating between outside decisions makers to analyze how well the business is performing. The reports to the outside users are known as the financial statements. Companies who stocks are up for grabs on the New York Stock Exchange send their financial statements to its owners or shareholders, and several of other creditors. The financial statements reflect the goals of profitability and liability, and are used heavily by every person involved with the business. If you have ANY type of business, it is crucial for you to be literate in financial statements. They are the back and bone of accounting. Now, let’s not get some terminology mixed up with each other. It’s critical to distinguish the system of accounting from the ways that information is processed such as bookkeeping, and some type of information management system. It’s only a small part of accounting, but it is a very important method. The major goals of accounting are to analyze and interpret information. The computer is also an important tool in accounting and is used to retrieve and organize information in great time and accuracy. However, people may assume that the computer does all the work for the accountant, but that couldn’t be more farther from the truth. The truth is, the computer is instructed what to do by the accountant and the main use of computers is to process complicated information. Since computers are so beneficial and widespread many business use computers as a management information system. This is a system of connected subsystems that provide the necessary information to run a business. The accounting information system is without a doubt the most important subsystem used because it is the key role in analyzing and managing the flow of financial data of a business.
General Mills Inc. www.generalmills.com sells food products.
Sony Corp. www.sony.com sells a variety of consumer electronics.
Hilton Hotels Corp. www.hilton.com sells resorts and hotels services.
EBay Inc. www.ebay.com offers an online bidding service.
Despite their differences in the products they sell they actually have a lot in common. Each business must have enough money for the cost of doing business but still have adequate money left over. If the cost of business costs more than operating the business, than that’s when a business will start to crumble. The need to earn money to hold an investment capital is known as profitability. However, a business must meet the goal of liquidity. Liquidity refers to having the money available to pay off debts when they are due. For example, a real estate company must meet the goal of profitability by leasing as many houses as they can, but they also must meet the criteria of liquidity when customers don’t come up with the capital to pay sometimes. Both of these goals must be aced by a company to be successful in their ventures. All businesses try to pursue their goals by engaging in these similar activities. First, businesses much start some financial activities in order to get enough funds or capital so they can continue their operating. Financial activities include receiving capital from creditors such as banks and other suppliers. On the other hand they also include paying creditors back. Second, each business must participate in what is known as investing activities. This refers to the productive spending of capital so that it will help a business attain their goals in an orderly manner. Some examples of investing activities include purchasing land, equipment that the business may need, and buying buildings. These resources are then sold or discarded of when they are no longer needed. Third, another essential of every business is participating in operating activities. Besides selling goods and services to customers, operating activities include hiring managers, workers, and purchasing goods and services, and paying back taxes to the government. An extremely crucial function of accounting is to provide performance measures. This refers to the measures of a business that indicates whether managers are achieving or losing their business goals, which helps to determine if a particular business is under good management. It is crucial for the performance to measure up with the goals of a business. For a quick example, earned income is a measurement of profitability, and cash flow is the measurement of liquidity, pretty simple right? Since most managers are evaluated by whether certain aimed goals are accomplished, they must have a very sound understanding of accounting. Since managers will try to achieve these goals they must be motivated so that they can perform in the best interest of a business. The typical accounting role of helping decision makers by processing, and communicating information effectively is furthermore divided into the subcategories of financial accounting and management accounting. Financial accounting is used for generating reports and communicating between outside decisions makers to analyze how well the business is performing. The reports to the outside users are known as the financial statements. Companies who stocks are up for grabs on the New York Stock Exchange send their financial statements to its owners or shareholders, and several of other creditors. The financial statements reflect the goals of profitability and liability, and are used heavily by every person involved with the business. If you have ANY type of business, it is crucial for you to be literate in financial statements. They are the back and bone of accounting. Now, let’s not get some terminology mixed up with each other. It’s critical to distinguish the system of accounting from the ways that information is processed such as bookkeeping, and some type of information management system. It’s only a small part of accounting, but it is a very important method. The major goals of accounting are to analyze and interpret information. The computer is also an important tool in accounting and is used to retrieve and organize information in great time and accuracy. However, people may assume that the computer does all the work for the accountant, but that couldn’t be more farther from the truth. The truth is, the computer is instructed what to do by the accountant and the main use of computers is to process complicated information. Since computers are so beneficial and widespread many business use computers as a management information system. This is a system of connected subsystems that provide the necessary information to run a business. The accounting information system is without a doubt the most important subsystem used because it is the key role in analyzing and managing the flow of financial data of a business.
Tough $$$ Decisions
The people, who make decisions in accounting, make it based on three categories. First, people who manage a business, second, the external people of a business who have a direct financial interest to a business, and third the people and organizations that have an indirect effect on a business. This applies to non profit organizations as well. Management refers to the group of people who are in charge for operating a business and for measuring up to the profitability and liquidity goals. If a business is extremely large, then the management will most often require more than one person, and the people are hired to perform their job. Managers need to answer important questions such as what was the company’s net income, and if they have a substantial rate of return. Does the company have enough assets, and which products bring in the most money? When making a decision, managers usually follow a systematic approach. Even though larger businesses require a more concrete analysis, they follow a similar pattern to small businesses.
Financing a business: Financing for a company is critical, because they need that money to continue their operations. Here is a nice website to find out more information about financing a business. http://www.sba.gov/financing/
Investing in a business: Companies invest in their current assets so that it will make money for them in the future.
Producing goods or services: Operations and production management is responsible for developing and producing goods and services that the company can sell.
Marketing: Learning marketing and advertising skills so that they can distribute goods and services more efficiently.
Managing workers: Human resource management requires the hiring of qualified employees, and also paying them.
Providing information: The information management retrieves data about the company such as how much they made in the last month, and organize the information in a way so that it can be used. It also releases information to managers, and to important people outside the business.
Another group of individuals that needs knowledge in accounting is those you have a direct interest in the business, go figures. They use the information to analyze how a business is performing. Most businesses generally publish their financial report which shows how well they meet their profitability and liquidity goals. These statements display how well a company did in the past and probably most important, how well they will do in the future. However, many people outside the business also study the financial reports. They are the investors and the creditors. The investors are the individuals that invest in a business and will keep a part of the ownership. They are concerned with their past success and failures, and also will like to know the potential earnings. A concrete analysis of the financial statement will help prospective investors base their decisions. Once they finish investing they must continue to study a business financial statement. Next, the creditors are the companies that lease money to businesses for short or long term needs. Creditors are the people that deliver money or provide services for companies in advanced before getting paid. Their main concern is whether a business will have the money to repay the money with interest in an approximate time. Some of the things they study before they make their decisions are a company’s liquidity, cash flow, and profitability. Some examples of creditors are banks, mortgage companies, and insurance companies. Over the years the shift of people who used accounting information has varied drastically. Now, it is heavily used by governmental agencies, and in matter of fact taxes is the main source of income for government. According to the rules and regulations of federal, state, or even local laws, individuals and companies are required to pay a variety of taxes. These include but are not limited to, sales tax, excise tax, social security tax, federal, state, payroll, and city income taxes. Each tax requires there own rules and regulations which can be very confusing at times. Reporting your taxes is a law and a very meticulous and tedious process. For example, The Internal Revenue Code contains over a thousand rules for delivering accounting information in federal income taxes. Also, most companies generally have to report to one or more regulating agencies in the United States All corporations must answer to the Securities and Exchange Commission or SEC(To find out more information visit there website at http://www.sec.gov/). This is set up by the government to insure and protect the public by regulating the buying and selling of stocks. Companies that are listed on the Stock exchange must adhere to the rules and regulations. Some other groups such as labor unions analyze the financial statements of corporations to help negotiate a contact. The income of a company plays a major role in forming these contracts. The individuals who give advice to investors and creditors such as brokers and financial analysts have an indirect financial interest in a business. The amount of inertest in the financial health of corporations has been growing by consumer groups such as customers and the public. They are also concerned about how the corporation will affect the social patterns of the environment and of the people that reside in that area. The President’s Council of Economic Advisers and the Federal Reserve Board use accounting information to set economic policies and programs. It’s interesting to note that about thirty percent of the businesses in the United States consist of non profit organizations. Some examples of non profit organizations (NPO) include hospitals, and universities. Some well known non profit organizations include Red Cross, YMCA, Better Business Bureau, and WWF(World Wildlife fund, was formerly in a lawsuit and won against WWE World Wrestling Entertainment, which was originally known as World Wrestling Federation). You may think that the managers of these organizations don’t need to know their accounting skills but they do. They still have a budget and needs to raise money just like any other business. They raise money by collecting it from creditors, donors, and even investors. They also need to have a nice plan and to pay creditors back in an efficient manner, and they also have to follow the tax rules. So even though businesses and non profit organizations have different agendas they both generally follow the same basic rules.
Accounting is a systematic information system that measures, process, and communicate information, I particular financial. When an accountant is making a measurement they must answer four simple questions. First, what is being measured, second when should a measurement be made, third how much money should be placed on what is being measured, and last how the measurement should be classified. These four questions deal with the basic rules of accounting, and the answers help establish what accounting is and what it is not. Accountants in different fields challenge these questions every day, and therefore the answers are changing often so that’s why it’s a good idea to keep to date with some of the trends. The first question deals with what is measured. Consider a machine that makes clothes. How many different measurements of this machine can you make? Well, you can measure how much it costs, how many t shirts it can produce, and how quickly it can produce the t shirts. Some of these measurements are extremely important to accounting and some of them are irrelevant. Financial accounting will use money to see how business transactions affect other businesses and corporations.
Financing a business: Financing for a company is critical, because they need that money to continue their operations. Here is a nice website to find out more information about financing a business. http://www.sba.gov/financing/
Investing in a business: Companies invest in their current assets so that it will make money for them in the future.
Producing goods or services: Operations and production management is responsible for developing and producing goods and services that the company can sell.
Marketing: Learning marketing and advertising skills so that they can distribute goods and services more efficiently.
Managing workers: Human resource management requires the hiring of qualified employees, and also paying them.
Providing information: The information management retrieves data about the company such as how much they made in the last month, and organize the information in a way so that it can be used. It also releases information to managers, and to important people outside the business.
Another group of individuals that needs knowledge in accounting is those you have a direct interest in the business, go figures. They use the information to analyze how a business is performing. Most businesses generally publish their financial report which shows how well they meet their profitability and liquidity goals. These statements display how well a company did in the past and probably most important, how well they will do in the future. However, many people outside the business also study the financial reports. They are the investors and the creditors. The investors are the individuals that invest in a business and will keep a part of the ownership. They are concerned with their past success and failures, and also will like to know the potential earnings. A concrete analysis of the financial statement will help prospective investors base their decisions. Once they finish investing they must continue to study a business financial statement. Next, the creditors are the companies that lease money to businesses for short or long term needs. Creditors are the people that deliver money or provide services for companies in advanced before getting paid. Their main concern is whether a business will have the money to repay the money with interest in an approximate time. Some of the things they study before they make their decisions are a company’s liquidity, cash flow, and profitability. Some examples of creditors are banks, mortgage companies, and insurance companies. Over the years the shift of people who used accounting information has varied drastically. Now, it is heavily used by governmental agencies, and in matter of fact taxes is the main source of income for government. According to the rules and regulations of federal, state, or even local laws, individuals and companies are required to pay a variety of taxes. These include but are not limited to, sales tax, excise tax, social security tax, federal, state, payroll, and city income taxes. Each tax requires there own rules and regulations which can be very confusing at times. Reporting your taxes is a law and a very meticulous and tedious process. For example, The Internal Revenue Code contains over a thousand rules for delivering accounting information in federal income taxes. Also, most companies generally have to report to one or more regulating agencies in the United States All corporations must answer to the Securities and Exchange Commission or SEC(To find out more information visit there website at http://www.sec.gov/). This is set up by the government to insure and protect the public by regulating the buying and selling of stocks. Companies that are listed on the Stock exchange must adhere to the rules and regulations. Some other groups such as labor unions analyze the financial statements of corporations to help negotiate a contact. The income of a company plays a major role in forming these contracts. The individuals who give advice to investors and creditors such as brokers and financial analysts have an indirect financial interest in a business. The amount of inertest in the financial health of corporations has been growing by consumer groups such as customers and the public. They are also concerned about how the corporation will affect the social patterns of the environment and of the people that reside in that area. The President’s Council of Economic Advisers and the Federal Reserve Board use accounting information to set economic policies and programs. It’s interesting to note that about thirty percent of the businesses in the United States consist of non profit organizations. Some examples of non profit organizations (NPO) include hospitals, and universities. Some well known non profit organizations include Red Cross, YMCA, Better Business Bureau, and WWF(World Wildlife fund, was formerly in a lawsuit and won against WWE World Wrestling Entertainment, which was originally known as World Wrestling Federation). You may think that the managers of these organizations don’t need to know their accounting skills but they do. They still have a budget and needs to raise money just like any other business. They raise money by collecting it from creditors, donors, and even investors. They also need to have a nice plan and to pay creditors back in an efficient manner, and they also have to follow the tax rules. So even though businesses and non profit organizations have different agendas they both generally follow the same basic rules.
Accounting is a systematic information system that measures, process, and communicate information, I particular financial. When an accountant is making a measurement they must answer four simple questions. First, what is being measured, second when should a measurement be made, third how much money should be placed on what is being measured, and last how the measurement should be classified. These four questions deal with the basic rules of accounting, and the answers help establish what accounting is and what it is not. Accountants in different fields challenge these questions every day, and therefore the answers are changing often so that’s why it’s a good idea to keep to date with some of the trends. The first question deals with what is measured. Consider a machine that makes clothes. How many different measurements of this machine can you make? Well, you can measure how much it costs, how many t shirts it can produce, and how quickly it can produce the t shirts. Some of these measurements are extremely important to accounting and some of them are irrelevant. Financial accounting will use money to see how business transactions affect other businesses and corporations.
The phases of Memory
Memory is the retention of information over a period of time through storage, encoding, and retrieval. For something to be considered memory, you have to take it in, store it, and then retrieve it for use in the future. Memory is a very complex things and it can let you down sometime especially when our trying to remember something, especially during an important test in your life. Also memory can also cause some confusion, especially when two people experience different events. For example, if two friends went on a trip and one said scenario A happened while the other says that scenario B happened then It could lead to lots of confusion. I think it’s fair to say that most individuals have experienced frustrations when they can’t recall someone’s name or a place that they visit. It’s obvious that memory is not installed like data is in a computer; human memory is a little more concrete. The initial stage of memory is known as encoding, in which the information is processed for storage. When you are listening to music, or watching television you are encoding information into memory. Some data gets into memory practically effortlessly, while other requires some extensive time to get in there. How information gets stored into data is an interest in psychologist because it tends to vary from individual to individual. When we start encoding we use selective attention which means that we focus on a specific situation while ignoring everything else. It’s like showing undivided attention to a specific factor. Although our brain is magnificent, and is more powerful than a super computer it does has its limits, and it can’t pay attention to everything at once. Divided attention also has an impact on memory, which means that people try to pay attention to too many different things at once. When researchers measure divided attention they have participants to try and remember a list of materials, but they are asked to perform an additional task at the same time. Participants that focus their attention on one single event as opposed to trying and remember numerous of things simultaneously perform a lot better. However simply paying attention to something does not guarantee success with remembering it. Encoding is processed in three different levels. Levels of processing is known as encoding information from shallow to deep and the deeper processing produce better results than the shallow.
Shallow level: Includes the sensory or physical characteristics of stimuli that are analyzed. For example, we might detect some shapes of printed characters, or detect the pitch of a particular sound.
Intermediate level: The stimulus is recognized and is given a distinct label. For example, we will identify an object that drives on the road as a car.
Deepest Level: Includes information that is processed semantically which means in terms of its meaning. When we get to the deepest level we make associations with things which mean that we are more likely to remember it in the future.
Time after time it seems that people memories improve when they make associations to stimuli that are used in deep processing as opposed to tuning into just the physical characteristics. For example, you are more likely to remember someone face if you make some type of association with it as opposed to remembering how the people look. You could attach a meaning to it or correlate the individual to a famous person. Likewise you could associate a famous individual with a friend of yours not is not a celebrity by any means. Next, cognitive psychologists or the psychologists that studies the thinking process realize that there is more to memory than just deep processing. There’re a lot of layers of memory so to speak. While were still on the topic of deep processing, the more extensive the processing, the better you will remember something. Elaboration is defined as the extensiveness of processing at any level. Rather then just remembering a definition, you should come up with a deep concept of the word by thinking of examples that relate to the word his is a strategy that is used often of Kaplan’s Sat flashcards. On the front it has the word, and on the back it has the definition followed by a sentence that uses the definition properly. The primarily reason that elaboration is so successful is because it helps makes something distinct in your mind. Just think of an event that you remembered in your life. A one that I think that affects people living today is the World Trade Center event. Most people most likely remember where they were and how they first heard the news. The people that were in the event and survived most likely have a hard time forgetting about the event and can most likely remember the sounds and all of the imagery very clearly. Speaking of seeing things clearly, imagery is a very important aspect of memory. To make memories extremely powerful it is important to use mental imagery. An example of using mental imagery is remembering where you placed your remote control once you finished watching television last night. Some psychologists believed that using mental imagery is so powerful, because people will tend to remember images more then words. It has been proven that images can help individuals learn a foreign language. However, how intricate storage is just don’t determine how well it will get encoded. Storage refers to the ways that information stays in storage for a long period of time. We remember some information for years, and some we forget within a minute or possibly less. Sensory memory is a type of memory that holds information in a sensory form for an instant. It is extremely high in detail but the information is quickly loss. Think of the sounds you hear when you’re getting out of the car, or the sound of a bird singing. These are some common examples of sensory memory. Next, short term memory is information that is usually contained in storage for 30 seconds, or less there are some other strategies used to keep it in storage longer. Some ways that you can improve short term memory is by chunking and reversal. We all probably have experienced with rehearsal which is the repetition of something, usually a number. If we have to remember a telephone number then an easy way to do this is to keep repeating the number. Likewise you can try and remember long numbers by chunking them. For example, look at this number and turn away and try to repeat it. The number is 7835677876. How did you do? Don’t feel too bad if you did poorly. However, you could have done better if you’re chunked or grouped the numbers together. For example rather than trying to remember this big blob of 7835677876, you can chunk in into 783-567-7876. Well, look at what we got it looks similar to a phone number. This is an example of how chunking can b helpful in helping individuals remembers content.
Shallow level: Includes the sensory or physical characteristics of stimuli that are analyzed. For example, we might detect some shapes of printed characters, or detect the pitch of a particular sound.
Intermediate level: The stimulus is recognized and is given a distinct label. For example, we will identify an object that drives on the road as a car.
Deepest Level: Includes information that is processed semantically which means in terms of its meaning. When we get to the deepest level we make associations with things which mean that we are more likely to remember it in the future.
Time after time it seems that people memories improve when they make associations to stimuli that are used in deep processing as opposed to tuning into just the physical characteristics. For example, you are more likely to remember someone face if you make some type of association with it as opposed to remembering how the people look. You could attach a meaning to it or correlate the individual to a famous person. Likewise you could associate a famous individual with a friend of yours not is not a celebrity by any means. Next, cognitive psychologists or the psychologists that studies the thinking process realize that there is more to memory than just deep processing. There’re a lot of layers of memory so to speak. While were still on the topic of deep processing, the more extensive the processing, the better you will remember something. Elaboration is defined as the extensiveness of processing at any level. Rather then just remembering a definition, you should come up with a deep concept of the word by thinking of examples that relate to the word his is a strategy that is used often of Kaplan’s Sat flashcards. On the front it has the word, and on the back it has the definition followed by a sentence that uses the definition properly. The primarily reason that elaboration is so successful is because it helps makes something distinct in your mind. Just think of an event that you remembered in your life. A one that I think that affects people living today is the World Trade Center event. Most people most likely remember where they were and how they first heard the news. The people that were in the event and survived most likely have a hard time forgetting about the event and can most likely remember the sounds and all of the imagery very clearly. Speaking of seeing things clearly, imagery is a very important aspect of memory. To make memories extremely powerful it is important to use mental imagery. An example of using mental imagery is remembering where you placed your remote control once you finished watching television last night. Some psychologists believed that using mental imagery is so powerful, because people will tend to remember images more then words. It has been proven that images can help individuals learn a foreign language. However, how intricate storage is just don’t determine how well it will get encoded. Storage refers to the ways that information stays in storage for a long period of time. We remember some information for years, and some we forget within a minute or possibly less. Sensory memory is a type of memory that holds information in a sensory form for an instant. It is extremely high in detail but the information is quickly loss. Think of the sounds you hear when you’re getting out of the car, or the sound of a bird singing. These are some common examples of sensory memory. Next, short term memory is information that is usually contained in storage for 30 seconds, or less there are some other strategies used to keep it in storage longer. Some ways that you can improve short term memory is by chunking and reversal. We all probably have experienced with rehearsal which is the repetition of something, usually a number. If we have to remember a telephone number then an easy way to do this is to keep repeating the number. Likewise you can try and remember long numbers by chunking them. For example, look at this number and turn away and try to repeat it. The number is 7835677876. How did you do? Don’t feel too bad if you did poorly. However, you could have done better if you’re chunked or grouped the numbers together. For example rather than trying to remember this big blob of 7835677876, you can chunk in into 783-567-7876. Well, look at what we got it looks similar to a phone number. This is an example of how chunking can b helpful in helping individuals remembers content.
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